The development of these programs start with the hand held "teach pendant" which is used to physically drive the robot to a desired point where the four variables can be selected and the point recorded. It is a point-by-point process after that. These programs can become as complicated as the process demands, but even then the basic structure of the language stays the same. This type of straightforward programming goes a long way in removing the stigma of complicated controls and allows for a short learning curve for any individual.
In addition, FANUC Robotics offers a simulation program to set up a virtual cell on a computer. Once the robot, tooling and other peripheral equipment are selected, the user can construct the program off-line. The software provides the ability to create and watch the process and adjust locations and speeds in order to refine the system's cycle time. This program can then be loaded into a robot on the floor, and after verifying the positional points, it's ready to run.
Limitations: Robots have definitely made a positive impact on manufacturing, but there are a few key points to remember when designing with robots. The first point is the size of the control cabinet. With a footprint of 24 by 30 inches, it consumes more floor space than many smaller robots. Because of its size, designers must consider the controller during initial discussions of the system or cell space requirements.
The second point has to do with safety considerations. Because the available travel of a six-axis robot resembles a sphere, when working with a specific application it is advisable to limit the travel to only where the robot needs to go. These limits must be accomplished with physical stops in order to adhere to the Robotic Industries Association's safety requirements.
Software limits cannot replace the physical stops. Once the maximum travel has been established, guarding needs to be erected to prevent access by personnel. Including physical stops in the design helps to minimize the amount of floor space the robotic system consumes.
The last item is more of a caution when designing robot-mounting bases. With the high speeds of each axis, it is easy to underestimate the rigidity required of the base, even with smaller robots. An adequately sized base insures that the robot will be on solid ground and not quiver when stopping, and can help with the accuracy of the process.
FANUC Robotics is very supportive of its customers who are receiving their first robot system in order to help them overcome the mystique of robots. Many times during the installation of a system in their facility, employees seem to keep their distance, but after they see it running in production the question becomes "is that all it can do?" My answer isno, that's not all.
